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Natural Resources are the resources which exist naturally in the environment and can be exploited by humans to satisfy their needs or wants.
Classification: Natural resources can be classified based on renewability (renewable vs non-renewable), source of origin (biotic vs abiotic), and stage of development (potential, actual, reserve, and stock resources).
Water Resources Status: Nepal is the second richest country in the world and the first in Asia in terms of water resource availability. The main sources of water are surface water, groundwater, and collected rainwater.
Essential for irrigation and farming activities
Hydroelectricity generation potential
Water for manufacturing and processing
Water-based recreational activities
Water transport and navigation
Cooling systems for technology infrastructure
Clean drinking water for healthy life
Maintains ecosystem and forest resources
River Statistics: Nepal has over 6,000 rivers and streams. The water resources are being used in the forms of drinking water, irrigation, hydroelectricity generation, and other uses.
Note: 6000+ rivers in Nepal
Delays in approvals and administrative lapses
High operation costs for current irrigation schemes
Inadequate economic surveys of water resources
Mountainous terrain creating development challenges
Problems in drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectricity generation
Forest Definition: An area fully or partly covered by trees and shrubs is called a forest. Nepal has 35 major forest types and 118 ecosystems classified into 10 broad groups based on altitude.
Primary forest coverage of Nepal's total land area
Secondary vegetation coverage of total area
Combined green coverage across the country
Government Policy: The Government of Nepal has the policy to cover 40 percent of the land area of Nepal by forest to maintain ecological balance.
Strictly protected areas for conservation
Areas for wildlife protection and management
Managed areas for regulated hunting
Areas with sustainable resource use
General category for conservation zones
Community forests in buffer zones
Leased forests in buffer areas
Internationally recognized wetland areas
Raw materials for forest-based industries
Creates diverse job opportunities
Enhances agricultural productivity
Traditional fuelwood sources
Eco-tourism and forest tourism
Fodder and grazing areas
Earnings from forest products export
Biodiversity conservation
Carbon sequestration and ecological balance
Mineral Resources are the mineral deposits naturally available for exploitation and to satisfy the current or future needs.
Provides essential materials for daily needs
Construction materials for development projects
Raw materials for industrial growth
Minerals for fertilizers and farming equipment
Job opportunities in mining and processing
Tax income from mineral operations
Export earnings from mineral products
Strategic minerals for national security
Lack of effective investor-friendly national mineral policy, mines and minerals acts and rules
Inadequate funding for exploration and development
Poor transport networks and processing facilities
Limited power supply for mining operations
Lack of highly skilled human resources
Inadequate scientific equipment and laboratory facilities
Unauthorized transactions and smuggling of minerals
Lack of mineral-based education and research programs
Natural Resource Management refers to the management of natural resources with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations.
Management Purpose: The purpose is to improve the management of land, forest, mineral, and water resources to maintain both the productive capacity and ecological functions of these resources. There is a direct relationship between natural resource depletion and environmental pollution.
Climate Change is the average condition for about thirty years. It refers to the kind of weather that's typically expected in a region over a longer period.
Ecosystem damage and resource depletion
Crop failure and reduced productivity
Reduced GDP and development pace
Disease spread and healthcare costs
Changed consumption patterns and scarcity
Seasonal changes and visitor pattern disruptions
Biodiversity loss and habitat destruction
Sustainable Vision: Effective natural resource management combined with climate change adaptation strategies is crucial for Nepal's sustainable development, ensuring that natural resources continue to support economic growth while maintaining ecological balance for future generations. The way of connecting links between environmental protection and the utilization of natural resources is natural resource management.